【提分干货】被动语态：难点突破，一举搞定！

     英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)

A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)

     汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

     助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

一般现在时：am / is / are + done

一般过去时：was / were + done

一般将来时：shall / will + be done

一般过去将来时：should / would + be done

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done

过去进行时：was / were + being + done

现在完成时：have / has + been + done

过去完成时：had + been + done

将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done

过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

1. 一般现在时：

People grow rice in the south of the country.

Rice is grown in the south of the country.

2. 一般过去时：

They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

3. 一般将来时：

They will send cars abroad by sea.

Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

4. 过去将来时：

The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.

The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.

5. 现在进行时：

The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

6. 过去进行时：

The workers were mending the road.

The road was being mended.

7. 现在完成时：

Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

8. 过去完成时：

When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.

含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。

You must hand in your compositions after class.

Your compositions must be handed in after class.

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。

“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

These records were made by John Denver.

The cup was broken by Paul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。

These cars were made in China.

1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

❀We have bought a new computer.

❀A new computer has been bought.

2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

❀My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

❀I was given a present on my birthday.

A present was given to me yesterday.

3.带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：

❀We always keep the classroom clean.

❀The classroom is always kept clean.

4.当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：

❀Nobody can answer this question.

❀The question can not be answered by anybody.

例题：

—Sandy was made   by some boys.   

— Oh, sorry to hear that. 

A. cry

B. to cry  

C. cried

D. to crying 

答案：B