《科学》（20181207出版）一周论文导读(7)

Early human dispersals within the Americas

早期的美洲人如何安家落户 [原创文章：www.11jj.com]

▲ 作者：J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar, Lasse Vinner, Peter de Barros Damgaard,et al

▲ 链接：

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6419/eaav2621

▲ 摘要：

对美洲的人口迁移研究较多集中于初始迁移的时间和数量上，但对后续的人口如何分化和传播情况的研究较少。

研究人员对从阿拉斯加到巴塔哥尼亚的15个古人类基因组进行测序（这些基因组与最早期的美洲原住民密切相关），从而发现了族群流转分裂和早期多样化的证据。

这些证据证实了多个独立的、地理上的不均衡迁移，还有的为研究晚更新世澳大拉西亚人的遗传信号以及美索美洲的扩张提供线索，这些促成了之后从北美到南美复杂动态人群历史的形成。

▲ Abstract

Studies of the peopling of the Americas have focused on the timing and number of initial migrations. Less attention has been paid to the subsequent spread of people within the Americas. We sequenced 15 ancient human genomes spanning from Alaska to Patagonia; six are ≥10,000 years old (up to ~18× coverage). All are most closely related to Native Americans, including those from an Ancient Beringian individual and two morphologically distinct “Paleoamericans.” We found evidence of rapid dispersal and early diversification that included previously unknown groups as people moved south. This resulted in multiple independent, geographically uneven migrations, including one that provides clues of a Late Pleistocene Australasian genetic signal, as well as a later Mesoamerican-related expansion. These led to complex and dynamic population histories from North to South America.

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